Note: Belows are the time distinctions when the obligatory salahs above are prayed, which is based on the position of the sun. It is critical to offer salah on time, every time.
Fajr: prayed at dawn when the first light is visible, it is typically some minutes before sunrise.
Zuhr: prayed when the sun has reached its peak or highest point in the sky and is starting to descend.
A’sr: prayed when the sun is at a point where the shadows cast by objects are the length of the object itself plus the length of the shadow the object had at noon.
Maghrib: prayed a few minutes after sunset.
I’sha: prayed when there is no light visible in the sky.
Units Summary
Total rakath from the five daily prayers: 4 + 12 + 8 + 7 + 17 = 48
Total number of rakaths that are fard/obligatory to pray daily: 2 + 4 + 4 + 3 + (4 + 3) = 20
Total number of sunnath prayer rakaths that should be prayed daily: 2 + (2 + 4) + 4 + 2 + (2 + 4) = 20
Total number of nafl/voluntary prayers rakaths: 0 + 2 + 0 + 2 + (2 + 2) = 8